Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42242220›Full record

ArticleCell reports methods2026

A DirectView focus reduction assay for high-throughput quantification of neutralizing antibodies against influenza A and B viruses.

Chenchen Feng, Thomas Rowe, Michael Currier, Ryan Dong, Ying Huang, Ginger Atteberry, Li Wang, Masato Hatta, C Todd Davis, David E Wentworth and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
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Article in Cell reports methods, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Chenchen FengInfluenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
Thomas RoweInfluenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
Michael CurrierInfluenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
Ryan DongInfluenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; The Paideia School, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA.
Ying HuangInfluenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
Ginger AtteberryInfluenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
Li WangInfluenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
Masato HattaInfluenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
C Todd DavisInfluenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
David E WentworthInfluenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
Bin ZhouInfluenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. Electronic address: bzhou@cdc.gov.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The focus reduction assay (FRA) is a widely used method in influenza virus research and surveillance to evaluate neutralizing antibodies. However, traditional FRA relies on time-consuming, labor-intensive immunostaining workflows that constrain throughput. Here, we used a fluorogenic neuraminidase (NA) substrate, BTP3-Neu5Ac, to directly visualize viral foci without immunostaining. Foci were captured with a fluorescence plate reader, and neutralizing antibody titers were determined from foci counts across antibody dilutions. This assay, termed DirectView-FRA, was applied to measure the neutralizing activity of antisera and monoclonal antibodies against seasonal A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), B/Victoria, and B/Yamagata viruses, as well as high pathogenicity avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses. Results were consistent with those of the traditional FRA. By simplifying the workflow, DirectView-FRA enables rapid, high-throughput testing of neutralizing antibodies to support timely public health responses during influenza epidemics and to assess viruses with pandemic potential.

Indexed as

Antibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralHigh-Throughput Screening AssaysInfluenza A virusInfluenza B virusAnimalsHumansNeutralization TestsAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralantibodyCP: immunologyinfluenzaneutralizationpandemic preparednessserological surveillance

Identifiers

PMID42242220
PMCPMC13494541

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.