Prediction of immune-related adverse events in urological cancer during checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy through immunohistochemical analysis of tumorous LCP1/ADPGK.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of urological cancers. But immune-related adverse events (irAEs), especially high-grade irAEs, are a significant risk factor for survival and prognosis in this group of patients. As such, the ability to predict irAEs is of great interest. We retrospectively examined baseline blood tests, biochemical markers, and tumor expression of LCP1 and ADPGK in 112 patients with urological cancers who received either PD-1 or PD-L1 antibodies. LCP1 positivity, ADPGK positivity, and more significantly, the bivariate model of LCP1 and ADPGK positivity were highly predictive of irAEs after ICI treatment, with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.8415, 0.8759, and 0.9184, respectively. These models performed well across various cancer types, and the bivariate model was particularly more accurate in predicting ICI-induced irAEs in bladder cancer (BC), with an AUC of 0.9856. Our retrospective study suggests that LCP1 positivity, ADPGK positivity, and the bivariate model of LCP1 and ADPGK positivity may be valuable predictive markers for ICI-induced irAEs. These results may help guide more targeted and personalized ICI treatment for patients with urological cancers.