Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42241477›Full record

ArticleSchizophrenia bulletin2026

Shared and Distinct Time-Space Experiences Along the Psychotic-Affective Continuum.

Stephan Lechner, Filipe Arantes-Gonçalves, Stefan Fritze, Jonas Daub, Geva A Brandt, Dusan Hirjak, Lilian Konicar, Georg Northoff

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Stephan LechnerBrain and Mind Research Institute, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Ottawa, ON, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-9372-323X
Filipe Arantes-GonçalvesDoctoral Program in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal.
Stefan FritzeDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
Jonas DaubDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID 0009-0000-0638-6213
Geva A BrandtDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
Dusan HirjakDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1226-9800
Lilian KonicarABC BRAIN LAB, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics (CCP), Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neuroscience and Mental Health (C3NMH), Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Georg NorthoffBrain and Mind Research Institute, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Ottawa, ON, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-5236-0951

Funding

Canada-UK Artificial Intelligence ES/T01279X/1CIHREuropean Union's Horizon 2020 Framework Program for Research and Innovation 785907German Research Foundation HI 1928/5-1PSIUMRFuOBMRI
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlterations in lived time and space mark many mental disorders, yet they unfold in different ways. In schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), the core disturbance lies at the microstructural level: fragmented temporal synthesis and disintegration of world, self, and body. In contrast, both mood disorders (MOD) and SSD involve more accessible macro-level shifts, such as acceleration or slowing of the passage of time, fixation on the past, or blockage of the future, difficulties in social space. This overlap raises the question of how such similarities in time and space experiences of SSD and MOD can occur while, at the same time, distinguishing them. STUDY

designTo address this question, we used data from 26 SSD and 26 MOD patients, derived from phenomenological interviews based on the Scale for Time and Space Experience in Psychosis (STEP). We compared groups on the total STEP score and its time and space subscales, and examined differences across the 25 individual items. In a second step, we subdivided the SSD group into high and low temporospatial disturbance groups to further probe distinctions and overlaps. STUDY

resultsThe results confirm that SSD is characterized by fragmentation of temporal experience, including diminished synthesis and changes in anisotropy, fragmentation of world, self, and body. Shared items between MOD and SSD involved changes in the speed of time, shifts away from future orientation toward past and present, and spatial items related to distance and social interaction.

conclusionsTaken together, the findings indicate commonalities across disorders and disturbances that remain more characteristic of SSD.

Indexed as

Affective Disorders, PsychoticMood DisordersPsychotic DisordersSchizophreniaTime PerceptionAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedYoung Adultdifferential diagnosismood disordersphenomenological psychopathologyschizophrenia spectrum disordertime and space experience

Identifiers

PMID42241477
PMCPMC13235724

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.