ArticlePloS one2026
Effect of ciprofol-etomidate mixtures for deep sedation during gastrointestinal endoscopy: Protocol for a three-arm, double-blind randomized controlled trial.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
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Abstract
introductionDeep sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy can be achieved using either ciprofol or etomidate, both associated with distinct adverse events such as cardiopulmonary depression, myoclonus, and postoperative nausea and vomiting. This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of two ciprofol-etomidate mixtures at varying volume ratios compared with ciprofol alone in patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy.
methodsThis three-arm prospective study will include 135 participants aged 18-65 years who are scheduled for gastrointestinal endoscopy under deep sedation. Patients will be randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive either ciprofol alone or a ciprofol-etomidate mixture at volume-to-volume ratios of 1:1 or 2:1. The primary outcome is the composite incidence of various adverse events, including hypotension, hypoxemia, bradycardia, tachycardia, injection site pain, myoclonus, and nausea and vomiting. The secondary outcomes include the success rate of sedation, induction time, awakening time, recovery time, vital signs, and patient satisfaction. Analyses will be conducted using intention-to-treat and per-protocol approaches. DISCUSSION: This three-arm randomized controlled trial will determine the potential benefits of combining ciprofol with etomidate for deep sedation during gastrointestinal endoscopy, with a focus on enhanced cardiopulmonary stability, reduced injection site pain, decreased incidence of myoclonus, and lower rates of nausea and vomiting.
trial registrationThis trial has been registered on ChiCTR.gov.cn (ChiCTR2400093109), on Nov 28, 2024.
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