ArticleDevelopmental psychology2026
Delineating specificity in parental responses to children's distress: Associations with neighborhood risk and children's socioemotional outcomes.
Article in Developmental psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The current longitudinal, multimethod, and multi-informant study addresses major gaps in emotion socialization literature by examining parental responses to children's distress, identifying how neighborhood risk affects emotion socialization strategies and children's socioemotional outcomes. Specifically, we test the direct and indirect effects of neighborhood risk on children's anxiety and behavioral problems over time through mothers' and fathers' use of four distinct distress-response strategies. The sample includes 220 parent-child triads ranging from a diverse socioeconomic and racial background. Children had a mean age of 3 at Timepoint 1. Responses to children's distress were observed during an interaction task, and analyses utilize Expressive Encouragement (EE), Emotion-Focused Reactions (EFR), Problem-Focused Reactions (PFR), and Minimizing-Supportive Reactions (MSR) scales. Parallel mediation structural equation models were tested. Neighborhood risk was associated with EFR (βs = -.23,
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