ArticleEuropean journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology2026
Human parvovirus B19 infection in a Spanish healthcare area: epidemiology, clinical spectrum, and factors associated with hospitalization.
Article in European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeTo describe the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and healthcare-related characteristics of human parvovirus B19 (PVB19) infection diagnosed in a Spanish healthcare area during 2019-2024, and to identify factors associated with hospitalization, particularly in adult patients.
methodsWe performed a retrospective, single-center cohort study in the León healthcare area, Spain, including all hospital-attending patients with microbiologically confirmed acute PVB19 infection diagnosed between January 2019 and December 2024. Acute infection was defined by positive PVB19 IgM and/or PVB19 DNA detection by qualitative PCR in a compatible clinical episode; isolated IgG positivity or incomplete serology without microbiological confirmation was not considered sufficient. Adult and pediatric patients were compared according to clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and hospitalization status. A multivariate binary logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with hospitalization in adults.
resultsA total of 81 patients were included, 51 adults (63%) and 30 pediatric patients (37%). Most cases occurred during spring and summer, with a marked rebound after 2020 and a peak in 2024. Fever, arthromyalgias, and cutaneous manifestations were the most frequent clinical findings. Lymphopenia and anemia were the most common laboratory abnormalities. Hospitalization was required in 31 patients (38.3%), more frequently in adults than in children (47.1% vs. 23.3%). In adults, hospitalization was associated with cytopenias and higher C-reactive protein levels. In exploratory adjusted analysis, relevant cytopenia was associated with hospitalization (adjusted OR 7.31, 95% CI 1.07-49.73; p = 0.042).
conclusionsPVB19 infection may impose a relevant healthcare burden, particularly in adults. Cytopenias appear to define a more severe hematological phenotype associated with hospitalization and may help identify patients requiring closer clinical monitoring.
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