ReviewClinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico2026
Therapeutic potential of targeting macrophage polarization in metastatic gastric cancer: a review on core mechanisms and clinical progress.
Review in Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Spatial immune niches in gastric cancer immunotherapy resistance: mechanisms and translational implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Gastric cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with high metastatic potential being a critical factor for poor prognosis. Notably, the objective response rate (ORR) of current immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), remains below 20%. Within the tumor microenvironment (TME), the dynamic interactions among immune cells profoundly regulate tumor progression, in which the remarkable plasticity of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) plays a pivotal role. Under the induction of microenvironmental signals, TAMs can polarize into either the anti-tumor M1 phenotype or the pro-tumor M2 phenotype. This review summarizes the research progress of macrophage polarization in distant metastasis of gastric cancer, with a specific focus on the regulatory mechanisms of core signaling pathways, including STAT3, PI3K/AKT, and exosomal ncRNA regulatory networks, in macrophage functional reprogramming and metastatic niche formation. Furthermore, we discuss potential immunotherapy strategies centered on modulating macrophage phenotypes, such as CSF1R inhibitors, CD47 blockers, and their combination with ICIs. These findings provide a significant foundation for developing macrophage-targeted therapeutic interventions, screening translational biomarkers, and improving the prognosis of patients with metastatic gastric cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.