SynthesisThe journal of spinal cord medicine2026
Factors associated with post spinal cord injury employment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in The journal of spinal cord medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
purposeTo identify factors associated with post spinal cord injury (SCI) employment, exploring differences between high-income (HIC) and low/middle-income (LMIC) countries.
methodsThis systematic review and meta-analysis included, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus. Articles discussing post-SCI employment were included and excluded if data were not disaggregated by "employed/unemployed" or did not include SCI-only sub-groups. Factors reported in three articles were considered for meta-analyses, using a random effects model to estimate odds ratios (OR) and mean differences (MD).
resultsFifty-two articles were included. Forty-six studies were from HIC and six from LMIC. Twelve factors were significantly associated with post-SCI employment: Paraplegia (OR: 1.39), living alone (OR: 2.59), driving (OR: 4.76), no wheelchair use (OR: 0.44), (5), less activity limitations (MD: 0.67), being married (OR: 1.49), (7) being white (OR: 2.16), being younger at the time of study (MD: -0.24) and at the time of injury (MD: -0.30), time since injury (MD: 0.31), higher education (OR: 2.20), and income (OR: 0.15). Subgroup analyses showed that three of these factors were significantly associated with post-SCI employment only in HIC.
conclusionsAll factors significantly associated with post-SCI employment were identified in HIC studies; there is a paucity of evidence on factors in LMIC.
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