Observational studySouth African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care2026
The impact of perioperative fasting on metabolic status in elective caesarean section patients.
Observational study in South African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundObstetric patients exhibit 'accelerated starvation', increasing the risk of ketoacidosis. Fasting guidelines aim to reduce pulmonary aspiration, but prolonged preoperative starvation may cause metabolic disturbances. This study aimed to assess the relationship between fasting duration and the incidence of metabolic disturbances.
methodsWe conducted a prospective observational study of patients undergoing elective caesarean section at Harry Gwala Regional Hospital. Fasting duration was recorded via questionnaire. Preoperative venous bicarbonate, base excess, glucose and ketone levels were measured to determine the incidence of metabolic disturbances before anaesthesia.
resultsWe recruited 107 patients. Of which, 30% were acidotic (base excess less than -3). The acidotic group had a longer starvation time than the non-acidotic group (mean starvation time 14.8 h [standard deviation [s.d.] 2.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 13.8-15.7] versus 12.75 h [s.d. 3.18, 95% CI 11.8-13.2]; p 0.01). Ketosis occurred in 32% of patients and was associated with longer starvation times (p 0.01).
conclusionStarvation periods exceeded recommendations and were associated with metabolic disturbances, including acidosis, hypoglycaemia and elevated ketones in elective caesarean patients. Adherence to fasting guidelines should be reinforced, and patients with extended starvation require further assessment. Future research should focus on optimising fasting durations and improving compliance with established guidelines.Contribution: This study demonstrates the metabolic impact of extended preoperative fasting periods in elective caesarean sections. Findings reinforce the need for quality improvement programmes to reduce prolonged fasting periods in the perioperative period.
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