ArticleFrontiers in oncology2026
Mortality trends of malignant neoplasm of kidney among 5-85+ year-olds in the United States: a retrospective analysis.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate mortality trends associated with malignant neoplasm of the kidney in the United States over a 25-year period (1999-2023) and explore variations across age, sex, race/ethnicity, geographic region, and urbanization level. Methods: Population-level mortality data were extracted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database. Malignant neoplasm of the kidney was identified using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) code C64. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 population were calculated with direct standardization to the 2000 United States standard population. Joinpoint regression was applied to estimate annual percentage changes (APCs) and average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to characterize temporal trends. Results: A total of 10,912 deaths in 1999 and 14,549 deaths in 2023 were attributed to malignant neoplasm of the kidney, representing a 33.33% increase. The overall AAMR decreased significantly from 4.29 per 100,000 (95% CI: 4.21-4.37) in 1999 to 3.61 per 100,000 (95% CI: 3.55-3.67) in 2023, with an AAPC of -0.76 (95% CI: -1.10 to -0.41, P<0.05). Mortality rates increased progressively with advancing age, and the oldest age group (85 years and older) exhibited the highest crude mortality rate, which rose continuously during the study period, whereas most other age subgroups displayed declining CMRs or AAPCs. Males exhibited persistently higher AAMRs than females, and non-Hispanic Black individuals maintained the highest AAMRs among all racial and ethnic groups. Nonmetropolitan (rural) areas demonstrated higher AAMRs than metropolitan (urban) areas throughout the study interval. The Northeast region recorded the most pronounced reduction in AAMR, with an AAPC of -1.55 (P<0.05). Conclusion: Despite a significant reduction in overall age-adjusted mortality from malignant neoplasm of the kidney in the United States between 1999 and 2023, substantial disparities persist across age, sex, race/ethnicity, geographic region, and urbanization level. Divergent trends between crude mortality counts and age-adjusted rates underscore the dominant influence of population aging on absolute mortality burden.
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