Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42239639›Full record

ArticleChina CDC weekly2025

Chinese Urban Wastewater Surveillance System for Early Warning of Infectious Diseases: Implementation and Efficacy - January 2023-June 2025.

Jiayi Han, Xia Li, Shuxin Hao, Xiao Zhang, Liang Zhang, Fuchang Deng, Huihui Sun, Yue Liu, Yong Zhang, Lin Wang and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in China CDC weekly, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Jiayi HanNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
Xia LiNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
Shuxin HaoNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
Xiao ZhangNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
Liang ZhangNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
Fuchang DengNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
Huihui SunNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
Yue LiuNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
Yong ZhangNational Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
Lin WangNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
Xiaoyuan YaoNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
Lan ZhangNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
Song TangSchool of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China.
Xiaoming ShiChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
Hongbing ShenSchool of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Wastewater surveillance has emerged as a powerful tool for public health monitoring, particularly during disease outbreaks. This report documents China's pioneering establishment of the first nationwide comprehensive wastewater surveillance system with multi-scenario applications during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (January 2023-June 2025). The system integrated three components: national urban wastewater surveillance, inbound international aircraft wastewater surveillance, and pilot public health risk surveillance. This integrated framework demonstrated significant effectiveness in providing early warnings for COVID-19, polio, monkeypox, and other infectious disease outbreaks, while advancing variant tracking capabilities. These findings underscore the critical role of wastewater surveillance in augmenting existing public health infrastructure and improving outbreak detection capabilities. Implementing standardized protocols and developing collaborative networks will strengthen pandemic preparedness and enhance global public health resilience.

Indexed as

early warninginfectious diseasespublic healthwastewater surveillance

Identifiers

PMID42239639
PMCPMC13227066

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.