Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42238730›Full record

ArticleAntimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE2026

Antimicrobial and diagnostic stewardship: opportunities for return on investment.

Tracy Zembles, Blake Buchan, Katie Ray, Michelle Mitchell, Kelly Graff

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Tracy ZemblesChildren's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3727-7970
Blake BuchanMedical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4111-048X
Katie RayChildren's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0844-8739
Michelle MitchellMedical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Kelly GraffMedical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: Implementation of antimicrobial and diagnostic stewardship interventions can offer substantial return on investment while enhancing patient safety and healthcare quality. Clinical benefits include a decrease in antimicrobial resistance, shorter hospital stays, fewer adverse events from unnecessary antibiotic use, and optimized treatment protocols. We aimed to estimate the annual cost savings resulting from various interventions implemented by our Antimicrobial Stewardship Program at a single free-standing children's hospital. Design: Cost analysis. Setting: Free-standing children's hospital. Patients: Hospitalized patients. Methods: We reviewed annual cost savings related to various targeted antimicrobial and diagnostic stewardship initiatives, including drug cost savings from guidelines and protocols, prevention of antimicrobial resistance, diagnostic stewardship interventions, penicillin allergy de-labeling, and sustainability efforts. Institution-level cost data were evaluated when feasible. Otherwise, cost estimates were extrapolated from the literature. Results: The Antimicrobial Stewardship Program saved an estimated $4,972,805 annually. This was a result of $1,155,405 in direct drug cost savings, $2,953,216 in savings related to a decrease in multi-drug resistant organisms, $75,000 in savings from penicillin allergy de-labeling, $689,184 in savings related to diagnostic stewardship interventions, and $100,000 in savings from sustainability efforts. Conclusions: Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs can be associated with significant cost savings, justifying the investment. Collaboration across departments, particularly with microbiology, pharmacy, infection prevention, and service providers is central to the ongoing success of stewardship efforts, underscoring the multidisciplinary strength and efficiency of the approach.

Identifiers

PMID42238730
PMCPMC13227129

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.