ArticleReviews in cardiovascular medicine2026
ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Ventricular Septal Defect Is Associated With Very High Mortality Without Improvement Over Time.
Article in Reviews in cardiovascular medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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3 authors.
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Abstract
Background: This study aimed to examine mortality trends among patients who presented with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) complicated by ventricular septal defect (VSD) between 2016 and 2022. Methods: Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database and International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes for patients with STEMI and VSD from 2016-2022, we evaluated mortality trends over these years. Results: A total of 2735 patients with STEMI-associated VSD were identified. Total average mortality was 50.65%, with no significant average improvement over the years studied. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, the only clinical or demographic predictors of mortality were increasing age, which was associated with higher mortality (multivariate odds ratio (MVOR) 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05 (1.03-1.07); Conclusions: STEMI complicated by VSD is associated with very high mortality (>50%) and shows no significant improvement over the study period. Furthermore, increasing age is an independent predictor of mortality, whereas Asian populations may be associated with a lower mortality risk.
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