Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42238591›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026

Anti-PD-1 blockade reverses low-intensity electric stimulation-driven pancreatic cancer progression.

Lingmin Jiang, Xiyuan Li, Dejun Zeng, Pu Xi, Zehui Yao, Qi Zhu, Shaopu Lian, Shengping Li, Chaobin He

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Lingmin Jiang *Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Xiyuan Li *Department of Head and Neck Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Dejun Zeng *Department of General Surgery, Pingshan District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
Pu Xi *Department of Head Neck and Thyroid, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
Zehui Yao *Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Qi ZhuDepartment of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Shaopu LianDepartment of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Shengping LiDepartment of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Chaobin HeDepartment of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) represents a potential therapeutic approach for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, differences in tumor size and shape can lead to an uneven distribution of the electric field, causing certain cells to receive only low-intensity electric stimulation (LIES). This study aimed to explore the tumor immune microenvironment following LIES and evaluate the synergistic antitumor effects of LIES combined with anti-PD-1 blockade. Methods: Orthotopic PDAC models in mice were treated with LIES with or without anti-PD-1 blockade. Results: Orthotopic PDAC models were established and utilized for the first time to evaluate the immune modulation and macrophage polarization effects of LIES. Cell-based assays were conducted to assess the impact of varying field strengths on cell proliferation and migration. Anti-PD-1 blockade reversed the tumor growth and systemic antitumor responses following the LIES. Flow cytometry, multicolor immunofluorescence, and scRNA-seq revealed that combination therapy amplified CD8 Conclusions: Anti-PD-1 blockade can reverse LIES-driven tumor progression by upregulating CD8

Indexed as

Carcinoma, Pancreatic DuctalImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsPancreatic NeoplasmsProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorAnimalsCell Line, TumorCell MovementCell ProliferationCombined Modality TherapyDisease ProgressionElectric StimulationEpithelial-Mesenchymal TransitionHumansIrreversible Electroporation TherapyMiceTumor MicroenvironmentImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsProgrammed Cell Death 1 Receptoranti-PD-1 blockadeCD8+ T cellirreversible electroporation (IRE)low-intensity electric stimulation (LIES)pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)

Identifiers

PMID42238591
PMCPMC13226209

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.