Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42237234›Full record

ArticleBMC microbiology2026

WGS reveals high-risk clones of Pseudomonas aeruginosa harbouring extensive antimicrobial and predicted anti-phage defense systems recovered from diabetic foot ulcer patients in Egypt.

Mai A Amer, Manal M Darwish, Reham Monir, Ahmed Al Taweel, Ayat I Ghanem, Ihab N Hanna, Aya H Hefnawy, Nada S Gebreel, Noha M Soltan, Yara H Aboudewan and 1 more

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In one paragraph

Article in BMC microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Whole genome sequencing of ceftolozane/tazobactam-resistant, XDRFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Mai A AmerMicrobiology and Immunology Department, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt. mwahed@msa.edu.eg.
Manal M DarwishMicrobiology and Immunology Department, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt.
Reham MonirNational Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology (NIDE), Cairo, Egypt.
Ahmed Al TaweelNational Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology (NIDE), Cairo, Egypt.
Ayat I GhanemNational Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology (NIDE), Cairo, Egypt.
Ihab N HannaNational Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology (NIDE), Cairo, Egypt.
Aya H HefnawyPharmD Students Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt.
Nada S GebreelPharmD Students Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt.
Noha M SoltanPharmD Students Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt.
Yara H AboudewanPharmD Students Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt.
Samira M HamedMicrobiology and Immunology Department, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a major complication of diabetes mellitus and a leading cause of morbidity, amputation, and mortality among affected patients. In this study, five Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates recovered from DFUs of diabetic patients in Egypt were investigated. Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated using the disc diffusion method and broth microdilution assay, while biofilm-forming ability was phenotypically assessed using the crystal violet assay. All isolates exhibited multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes, with two isolates classified as pan-drug resistant (PDR). Moreover, all isolates demonstrated a strong capacity for biofilm formation. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and subsequent bioinformatic analysis revealed three sequence types, ST369, ST664, and ST773, corresponding to serotypes O6, O2, and O11, respectively, with ST664 and ST773 representing high-risk clones. These high-risk clones carried horizontally transferable integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) encoding metal resistance and anti-phage defense systems. The isolates also harboured a diverse resistome comprising bla

Indexed as

Diabetic FootPseudomonas aeruginosaPseudomonas InfectionsWhole Genome SequencingAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacteriophagesBiofilmsDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialEgyptGenome, BacterialHumansMicrobial Sensitivity TestsAnti-Bacterial AgentsAnti-phage Defense systemsDiabetic foot ulcerMultidrug resistancePseudomonas aeruginosaWhole-genome sequencing

Identifiers

PMID42237234
PMCPMC13231603

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.