ArticleBMC gastroenterology2026
Bifidobacterium breve207-1 protects against later-life colitis following early-life antibiotic exposure by enhancing intestinal barrier and immune homeostasis.
Article in BMC gastroenterology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThe early colonization of bacteria has a significant impact on immune system development. The disruption of gut microbiota by antibiotics in early life is a major risk factor for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. This study explores how Bifidobacterium breve 207-1 modulates gut microbiota and immune responses after early antibiotic exposure, and whether such intervention mitigates DSS-induced colitis later in life.
methodsNewborn mice were administered with normal saline, ceftriaxone, or B. breve 207-1 from birth to day 21. The Ceftri + 207-1 + DSS group continued to receive B. breve 207-1 thereafter. Starting at day 42, all "-DSS" groups received 3% DSS drinking water to induce colitis.
resultsDSS increased inflammation scores versus the NS-Water group. The scores of the Ceftri + 207-1-DSS and Ceftri + 207-1-207-1 + DSS (the group receiving B. breve 207-1 continuously from birth to day 46) groups were lower than the Ceftri-DSS group (P < 0.0001). Gut microbiota analysis showed the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes was significantly higher in the Ceftri + 207-1-DSS group (P < 0.05). Long-term use of B. breve 207-1 from early life enhanced the relative abundance of beneficial gut bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus spp. (P < 0.05). Compared to the NS-DSS group, the Ceftri + 207-1-DSS group exhibited significantly higher concentrations of butyric and valeric acids (P < 0.05). Treatment with B. breve 207-1 during early life and its long-term usage resulted in increased levels of SCFAs (P < 0.05). Furthermore, these treatments enhanced the indices related to changes in the mucosal barrier (including mRNA for KI67 and MUC2) and colonic mechanical barrier (including mRNA for Claudin-1, ZO-1, and Occludin). With regards to systemic immune changes induced by B. breve 207-1 administration during early life, the anti-inflammatory cytokines (particularly IL-10 and TGF-β) were elevated (P < 0.05), while the pro-inflammatory cytokines (mainly IL-6 and TNF-α) were reduced (P < 0.05).
conclusionsB. breve 207-1 enhances immune development after antibiotic exposure, mitigates the severity of DSS-induced colitis later in life, likely through early remodeling of the gut microbiota and enhancement of intestinal barrier function. Our results suggest that the early postnatal period represents a strategic opportunity for probiotic intervention to confer protection against later-life colitis in the context of early antibiotic exposure. Notably, B. breve 207-1 may influence the composition of early-stage gut microbiota and subsequently affect local and systemic immune development.
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