Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42236946›Full record

ArticleNature2026

Commensal-derived acetylcholine enhances mucosal immune education.

Deguang Song, Brianna Duncan-Lowey, Varnica Khetrapal, Randy Hamchand, Tong Deng, Hailey Brown, Anchi Wu, Anjelica L Martin, Kaylyn M Bauer, Yanyu Zhao and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Gut bacterialGut microbes reports · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Deguang SongDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Brianna Duncan-LoweyDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9078-503X
Varnica KhetrapalDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Randy HamchandInstitute of Biomolecular Design & Discovery and Department of Chemistry, Yale University, West Haven and New Haven, CT, USA.
Tong DengDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Hailey BrownDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Anchi WuDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6004-6276
Anjelica L MartinDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9669-8842
Kaylyn M BauerDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Yanyu ZhaoInstitute of Biomolecular Design & Discovery and Department of Chemistry, Yale University, West Haven and New Haven, CT, USA.
Mytien T NguyenDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7343-6882
Nicole D SonnertDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2781-4675
Shana R LeopoldDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Qihao WuInstitute of Biomolecular Design & Discovery and Department of Chemistry, Yale University, West Haven and New Haven, CT, USA.
Jason M CrawfordInstitute of Biomolecular Design & Discovery and Department of Chemistry, Yale University, West Haven and New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7583-1242
Noah W PalmDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. noah.palm@yale.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7262-9455

Funding

Microbial Chemical Sensing and Host ResponsesRM1GM141649 · NIGMS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI Jason Michael Crawford, Caroline Helen Johnson · 2021 to 2026
$9.0M
A forward chemical genetic screen to illuminate the dark matter of the bioactive microbiota metabolomeDP2DK125119 · NIDDK · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI PALM, NOAH WOLCOTT · 2019 to 2019
$2.5M
NIDDK NIH HHS DP2 DK125119NIGMS NIH HHS RM1 GM141649
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The microbiota produces thousands of potentially bioactive small molecules

Indexed as

AcetylcholineGastrointestinal MicrobiomeImmunity, MucosalSymbiosisAnimalsBifidobacterium breveBiotransformationCholineDietFemaleGerm-Free LifeIntestinal MucosaMaleMetabolomeMiceMice, Inbred C57BLAcetylcholineCholineReceptors, G-Protein-Coupled

Identifiers

PMID42236946
PMCPMC13391359

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.