Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42236878›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Potential effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles against boldenone-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and reproductive dysfunction in male albino rats.

Hanaa M Hassan, Honyda S Mohammed, Nuha Anajirih, Safaa S Soliman, Fatma S Mohammed, Ahmed A Aldarmahi, Ahmed Abdeen, Shrouk Amer, Eman E ELwakeel, Heba M Abdelkareem and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Hanaa M HassanDepartment of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt.
Honyda S MohammedDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt.
Nuha AnajirihDepartment of Emergency Medical Services, Faculty of Health Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Qunfudhah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Safaa S SolimanDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt.
Fatma S MohammedBiochemistry Program, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt.
Ahmed A AldarmahiDepartment of Basic Science, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, 21582, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmed AbdeenDepartment of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736, Egypt. ahmed.abdeen@fvtm.bu.edu.eg.
Shrouk AmerDepartment of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736, Egypt.
Eman E ELwakeelDepartment of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, 13518, Egypt.
Heba M AbdelkareemDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
Ahmad F RawanPre-Clinic Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nangarhar University, Jalalabad, 2603, Nangarhar, Afghanistan. afaridrawan@gmail.com.
Mustafa ShukryDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. matta@kfu.edu.sa.
Samah F IbrahimDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Majed AldehriDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, 62529, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
Areej M AlshehriDepartment of Clinical Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Mostafa F Abdel-RahmanDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt.

Funding

King Faisal University KFU260379King Khalid University RGP2/529/45Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University PNUR¬SP2026R127
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Anabolic-androgenic steroids such as boldenone (BOL) are used in veterinary medicine to improve growth, food conversion in food-producing animals, and recently utilized by bodybuilders to increase muscle mass and enhance physical performance. Additionally, they have serious adverse effects on various organs, mostly the testicular tissues. In this context, the purpose of this study was to assess BOL-induced testicular damage and the potential protective benefits of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNP). Twenty-four adult male rats were randomly allocated into 4 equal groups: Control, BOL (5 mg/kg), CeNP (100 μg/kg), and a combination of BOL and CeNP-treated groups. All of the treatments were administered intraperitoneally to the rats, twice a week for 8 consecutive weeks. Hematological parameters, oxidative stress markers, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and hormonal profiles were measured using standard biochemical and immunoassay techniques, as well as histopathological changes in the testicular tissue. The results showed that BOL markedly increased testicular oxidative damage as demonstrated by a drastic elevation of lipid peroxidation marker (MDA), NO levels, with a notable decline in GSH concentration, as well as SOD and CAT enzyme activity. Additionally, inflammation has also been elicited, evidenced by elevated levels of testicular proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-6, along with a marked decrease in serum levels of LH, FSH, and testosterone. Interestingly, CeNP diminished the detrimental effects of BOL on testicular tissue by reducing lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and enhancing antioxidant activity. The present findings indicated that CeNP may serve as a promising protective agent against BOL-induced reproductive damage in male rats.

Indexed as

CeriumInflammationMetal NanoparticlesOxidative StressReproductionTestosteroneAnabolic Androgenic SteroidsAnimalsLipid PeroxidationMaleRatsTestisAnabolic Androgenic Steroidsboldenoneceric oxideCeriumTestosteroneBoldenoneCerium oxide nanoparticlesInflammatory cytokinesOxidative stressReproductive toxicity

Identifiers

PMID42236878
PMCPMC13234341

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.