ArticleScientific reports2026
Influence of hybrid fiber reinforcement on strength and durability properties of fly ash blended PSC concrete.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The increasing demand for eco-friendly construction materials has driven the adoption of supplementary cementitious materials such as fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), as they offer a lower carbon footprint and improved durability. Portland Slag Cement (PSC) has been introduced as a blended cement, but its slower hydration and delayed pozzolanic reaction reduce early-age strength, limiting structural applications. This study aims to overcome this limitation by incorporating hybrid fibers such as basalt fibers (BF) and recycled steel fibers (RSF) at volume fractions of 0%-0.75% to enhance the early-age mechanical performance of PSC concrete. Around 15 different concrete mixes (with fiber) were formulated along with 1 control mix (without fiber) and tested for their properties at 7, 14, and 28 days. It was found that the control mix exhibited lower early strength due to slower PSC hydration and a delayed pozzolanic reaction in fly ash. However, the inclusion of fibers significantly compensated for this weakness. At 7 days, compressive strength increased from 26.2 MPa for Low-Carbon Slag Cement (LCSC), to a maximum of 32.3 MPa for the hybrid mix LCSC11 (0.5% BF + 0.5% RSF), representing an improvement of about 23%. Similar synergistic improvements were observed in split tensile and flexural strengths, with 28-day values reaching 5.4 MPa and 8.3 MPa, respectively, for the optimum hybrid mix. The inclusion of 0.5% BF + 0.5% RSF (LCSC11) into the fly ash-modified PSC concrete exhibited enhanced durability properties, with a 26% reduction in water absorption rate, a 30% reduction in sorptivity, a 41% reduction in chloride ion ingress, and a 34% reduction in weight loss under acid exposure. The findings demonstrate that hybrid BF-RSF reinforcement effectively offsets the early-age strength deficiency of fly ash-modified PSC concrete while significantly enhancing its tensile and flexural performance.
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