Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42236644›Full record

ArticleBiotechnology and bioengineering2026

Continuous Purification of mRNA Produced by In Vitro Transcription Using High Performance Countercurrent Membrane Purification.

Ziqiao Wang, Amin Javidanbardan, Ali Behboudi, Andrew L Zydney

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Biotechnology and bioengineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Ziqiao WangRobert V. Waltemeyer Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Amin JavidanbardanRobert V. Waltemeyer Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5146-4698
Ali BehboudiRobert V. Waltemeyer Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Andrew L ZydneyRobert V. Waltemeyer Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1865-9156

Funding

FDA HHS 75F40122C00200U.S. Food and Drug Administration 75F40122C00200
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) therapeutics produced by in vitro transcription must be purified to remove residual enzymes and free nucleotides. This study examines the use of high-performance countercurrent membrane purification (HPCMP) for the purification of mRNA therapeutics based on differences in the rate of diffusion across semipermeable polyethersulfone hollow fiber membranes. Experiments were performed using two model mRNA constructs using cytosine triphosphates (CTPs) and Proteinase K as model impurities. HPCMP achieved 99.7% removal of CTPs using a residence time of 60 min with no measurable loss of mRNA. Proteinase K removal by HPCMP was reduced in the presence of mRNA due to complexation between the positively charged protein and the negatively charged mRNA, an effect that was independently confirmed by dynamic light scattering and stirred cell diafiltration experiments. The HPCMP process could be operated continuously for more than 24 h without membrane fouling with stable mRNA yield (> 97%) and Proteinase K removal (> 94%). These results clearly demonstrate the feasibility of using HPCMP for continuous purification of mRNA therapeutics.

Indexed as

Membranes, ArtificialRNA, MessengerTranscription, GeneticCountercurrent DistributionEndopeptidase KEndopeptidase KMembranes, ArtificialRNA, Messengercontinuous processingmembrane purificationmRNAultrafiltration

Identifiers

PMID42236644
PMCPMC13521462

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.