ArticleDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2026
Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study.
Article in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common complication of Type 2 diabetes that frequently co-occurs with cardiovascular disease. We aimed to characterise CKD in adults with Type 2 diabetes, quantify its prevalence across severity levels and examine pharmacological treatment patterns and healthcare utilisation. MATERIAL AND
methodsWe conducted a population-based cross-sectional analysis using electronic medical records from a national health organisation in Israel. CKD status was defined using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR). Extracted variables included demographic and clinical characteristics, comorbidities, medication use, community consultations and hospital encounters.
resultsThe cohort included 62 661 adults with Type 2 diabetes, of whom 30.7% met criteria for CKD: mild, moderate and severe CKD risk levels accounted for 19.7%, 6.4% and 4.6%, respectively. Higher CKD level was associated with greater cardiovascular morbidity, with heart failure showing the strongest relationship (adjusted prevalence ratio 2.4; 95% CI 2.3-2.6 for the most advanced stage vs. no CKD). Other diabetes complications, including retinopathy and neuropathy, also increased with CKD severity (adjusted prevalence ratios 2.0; 95% CI 1.9-2.1 and 1.4; 95% CI 1.3-1.5, respectively). Metformin, lipid-lowering agents and ACE inhibitors/ARBs were the most frequently used medications. With CKD progression, rates of nephrology, endocrinology and cardiology consultations rose, as did emergency department visits and hospitalisations.
conclusionsCKD is common amongst Israeli adults with Type 2 diabetes and is strongly linked to cardiovascular and other diabetes-related complications. More advanced CKD stages correspond to substantially higher healthcare utilisation, reflecting escalating healthcare burden with CKD progression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.