ArticleBMJ open2026
Using Donabedian's model to explore healthcare providers' perspectives on early recognition and initial management of paediatric acute kidney injury in rural Tanzania: a qualitative case study protocol.
Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionAcute kidney injury is a global health concern with significant implications for morbidity and mortality when it comes to children. High morbidity and mortality result from consequences such as metabolic acidosis, hyperkalaemia, fluid overload and cardiovascular issues. Good clinical outcomes among children with acute kidney injury can be achieved through early recognition and initiation of management to prevent disease progression. However, evidence on early recognition and management of acute kidney injury in children is lacking, especially in low-resource settings such as Tanzania. This study explores healthcare providers' experiences with early recognition and management of acute kidney injury among children attending primary healthcare facilities. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This exploratory qualitative case study aims to capture contextual experiences using semi-structured interviews to gain thematic insights. The estimated sample size for this study is 20 informants and will be selected purposively. Data will be collected through individual interviews using an interview guide with predetermined questions followed by probing questions. Each interview session will last for about 30-60 min. Data analysis will begin during the data collection period using the six-phase thematic analysis approach by Braun and Clarke. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval has been provided by the Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Senate of Research and Ethical Committees with reference number DA.282/298/01.C/2630. In accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and its later amendments, all respondents will provide verbal and written informed consent and will be free to participate voluntarily with no incentives. The findings will be shared with participating healthcare facilities, district and regional health authorities and relevant stakeholders through presentations and summary reports. Findings will also be presented at national and international scientific conferences and submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.
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