ArticlePloS one2026
Identification of potential key genes that respond to capsaicin treatment in ER-positive breast cancer: An integrated analysis.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Capsaicin, a natural compound, has demonstrated antitumor efficacy in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer (ER-positive BC). However, its downstream molecular targets and mechanisms remain poorly understood, particularly those linked to metabolic reprogramming and immune modulation. This study aimed to identify capsaicin-responsive genes and explore their roles in ER-positive BC progression and tumor microenvironment remodeling. Bioinformatic analysis was performed on the GSE64155 dataset from GEO to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in capsaicin-treated ER-positive BC. Functional enrichment (GO/KEGG) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses were performed to prioritize key genes. Experimental validation included qPCR and Western blotting to assess gene and protein expression in capsaicin-treated cells. Clinical relevance was evaluated using TCGA expression data, survival analysis (overall survival [OS], relapse-free survival [RFS], and distant metastasis-free survival [DMFS]), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in BC tissues. Immune cell infiltration was analyzed via the CIBERSORT algorithm. SHMT2 and GARS were identified as the most significant capsaicin-responsive genes. Both genes were overexpressed in BC tissues and may be associated with a poor prognosis in patients with ER-positive BC. Capsaicin significantly reduced SHMT2 and GARS expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Immune infiltration analysis indicated that high SHMT2 and GARS expression may be associated with altered immune cell infiltration patterns. This study identifies SHMT2 and GARS as novel downstream targets of capsaicin in ER-positive BC and links their known oncogenic functions to a potential new mechanism underlying the antitumor effects of capsaicin.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.