ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026
Partial reconstitution of the prophenoloxidase activation system in
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Melanization is a central insect immune response to wounding and microbial invasion. It is mediated by a system of serine proteases and their homologs, mostly members of the CLIP subfamily, and leads to prophenoloxidase (proPO) activation and PO-mediated production of cytotoxic compounds and melanin polymers that kill and sequester invading pathogens. In mosquitoes, melanotic encapsulation provides an effective defense against malaria parasites, yet the composition and organization of the underlying serine protease system remain largely unclear. Guided by gene orthology and protein abundance, we expressed SP217, four CLIPCs, and 12 CLIPBs from
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