ArticleVeterinary research communications2026
Distribution of influenza A virus receptors in tissues of South American marine wildlife.
Article in Veterinary research communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
H5 clade 2.3.4.4b high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) have caused unprecedented mortality in marine wildlife. However, host determinants of susceptibility to influenza A virus (IAV) infection remain poorly understood. IAVs adapted to different hosts show distinct binding preferences for different kinds of sialic acid (Sia) receptors on cell surfaces. Human‑adapted IAVs preferentially bind Sia α2,6-linked glycans, while avian‑adapted viruses prefer Sia α2,3-linked glycans. We characterized the distribution of α2,6- and α2,3-linked Sia, and fucosylated or sulfated Siaα2,3 across respiratory, intestinal, and neural tissues from stranded marine animals, including two South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens), a Burmeister's porpoise (Phocoena spinipinnis), and a Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus). We also compared binding patterns of recombinant hemagglutinins (rHAs) derived from a classical H5 clade 1 virus and contemporary clade 2.3.4.4b viruses in the same tissues. We detected widespread expression of Sia receptors and H5 rHA binding in bronchial and alveolar epithelium (including air capillaries of the penguin) of the lung, enterocytes and goblet cells of intestinal villi, and the meninges and vascular endothelium of neural tissues, with species‑ and tissue‑specific patterns. These findings indicate that marine mammals and penguins possess receptor landscapes compatible with infection by both classical and contemporary H5 HPAIVs. Further investigation is necessary to determine how receptor distribution relates to productive replication, respiratory or fecal shedding, and cross-species transmission risk, particularly given the pronounced neurotropism and peracute disease course associated with clade 2.3.4.4b viruses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42234290What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.