Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42234207›Full record

ArticleMikrochimica acta2026

Surfactant-free polymer microspheres with molecular confinement-enabled optical encoding for dual-color immunochromatographic assays.

Yuji Zhang, Beibei Chen, Xia Hong, Peng Wang, Wei Yang, Ruicheng Xu, Xue-Ji Zhang, Luqingqing He, Xing-Yi Ge, Dan Shan

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Mikrochimica acta, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Yuji Zhang *School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P R China.
Beibei Chen *Nanjing Leading Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210000, P R China.
Xia HongNanjing Leading Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210000, P R China.
Peng WangNanjing Leading Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210000, P R China.
Wei YangSchool of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P R China.
Ruicheng XuSchool of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P R China. xuruicheng@njust.edu.cn.
Xue-Ji ZhangSchool of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P R China.
Luqingqing HeNanjing Leading Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210000, P R China.
Xing-Yi GeCollege of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan Research Center of the Basic Discipline for Cell Signaling, Hunan University, 52 Tianma Rd, Changsha, Hunan, 410012, P R China.
Dan ShanSchool of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P R China. danshan@njust.edu.cn.

Funding

National Science and Technology Major Project for the Prevention and Control of Emerging and Major Infectious Diseases Grant No. 2025ZD01901603the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant No. 22274075
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A surfactant-free, confinement-assisted optical encoding strategy is presented for preparing color-encoded poly(styrene-co-methacrylic acid) microspheres as polymeric chromogenic probes for dual-color immunochromatographic assays. Hydrophobic dyes were immobilized within styrene-rich polymer domains, while the carboxyl-enriched shell remained accessible for antibody conjugation. The obtained microspheres showed uniform morphology, stable optical properties, and low nonspecific interference. Loading of five hydrophobic chromophores confirmed the versatility of this confinement-assisted encoding platform for constructing distinguishable color probes. Red- and blue-encoded microspheres were further employed as dual-color labels in a representative MxA/CRP lateral-flow immunoassay for the simultaneous detection of myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) and C-reactive protein (CRP). The dual-color immunochromatographic assay enabled visual detection within 15 min, with naked-eye visual detection thresholds of 50 ng mL

Indexed as

Chromatography, AffinityC-Reactive ProteinMicrospheresPolymersPolymethacrylic AcidsColorHumansHydrophobic and Hydrophilic InteractionsImmunoassayLimit of DetectionPolystyrenesC-Reactive ProteinPolymersPolymethacrylic AcidsPolystyrenesColor-encoded probesDual-color immunochromatographic assay; Myxovirus resistance protein A; C-reactive proteinMolecular confinementOptical encodingSurfactant-free polymer microspheres

Identifiers

PMID42234207

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.