Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42233396›Full record

ArticleFuture science OA2026

Non-immune hydrops fetalis (NIHF): diagnostic evaluation and lessons learned from a case series.

Jihad Al Hassan, Georges Yared, Charlotte El Hajjar, Manal Dahrouj, Christopher Massaad, Ahmad El Moghrabi, Kariman Ghazal

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Future science OA, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Jihad Al HassanObstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Lebanese University Medical Centre, Beirut, Lebanon.
Georges YaredObstetrics and Gynecology Department, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
Charlotte El HajjarObstetrics and Gynecology Department, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
Manal DahroujPediatrics Department, Rafik Hariri University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon.
Christopher MassaadFaculty of Medicine, Saint George University of Beirut, Rmeil, Lebanon.
Ahmad El MoghrabiJaber Al Ahmed Armed Forces Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
Kariman GhazalObstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.ORCID 0000-0002-3199-631X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFetal hydrops, characterized by abnormal fluid accumulation in two or more fetal compartments, is a critical condition with a poor prognosis, often resulting in significant fetal mortality. The condition itself is not a diagnosis but a clinical sign with many underlying causes, ranging from infections and chromosomal abnormalities to rare maternal conditions such as mirror syndrome. CASE PRESENTATION: This review examines three cases of fetal hydrops, highlighting common etiologies, such as infections and chromosomal disorders, and more unusual causes like maternal complications. DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH: The current approach to diagnosing hydrops fetalis relies primarily on ultrasound imaging and Doppler studies to identify abnormal fluid accumulation and pathophysiology. FUTURE PERSPECTIVE: However, advances in genomic testing are rapidly transforming the diagnostic pathway. With increasing accuracy, speed and accessibility of genetic testing, it is likely that these tools will be integrated earlier in the diagnostic process, potentially improving prognostic assessments and treatment outcomes.

conclusionThe importance of early and accurate identification of the cause is essential to inform clinical management, improve fetal survival rates and support parental decision-making.

Indexed as

chromosomal abnormalitiesfetal hydropsgenomic testingmirror syndromeNon-immune hydrops fetalisperinatal mortalityprognosisultrasound imaging

Identifiers

PMID42233396
PMCPMC13240947

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.