ArticleSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2026
Highly Programmable Liquid Crystalline Polyurethane/MXene Hybrids for Large-Strain, High-Work-Capacity Artificial Muscles.
Article in Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are attractive for soft actuators and biomimetic systems owing to their rapid responsiveness and reversible deformations, yet achieving simultaneous high actuation stress and strain for complex macroscopic motions remains challenging. Herein, we report a liquid-crystalline polyurethane (LCPU)/MXene hybrid network, fabricated via in situ polymerization, that overcomes this long-standing trade-off. The flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) imparts large reversible deformability, while covalently anchored MXene simultaneously reinforce mechanical strength and enable efficient photothermal conversion, yielding robust thermal- and light-driven actuation. The dynamic hydrogen bonding network confers on-demand network reconfigurability and shape programmability within an optimal temperature window. The resulting actuators achieve a thermal-driven stress of 0.91 MPa at 88% strain, while it increased to 1.58 MPa under near-infrared (NIR) stimulation, yielding an exceptionally high work capacity of 546 kJ m
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