ArticleJournal of shoulder and elbow arthroplasty2026
Trends in opioid prescribing after shoulder arthroplasty in an integrated health system: an analysis across racial and ethnic groups.
Article in Journal of shoulder and elbow arthroplasty, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
Background: As opioid misuse has increasingly been recognized as a widespread public health threat, healthcare systems have taken steps to decrease prescribing opioids. Given racial and ethnic disparities in pain management have been reported in prior studies, it is important to evaluate whether system-level prescribing changes are implemented equitably across patient populations. Opioids are frequently prescribed to control pain following orthopedic procedures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate trends in opioid prescriptions filled during a period of system-wide opioid reduction initiatives and to determine whether differences in opioid prescriptions filled existed across racial and ethnic groups. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of opioid prescriptions filled after shoulder arthroplasty from 2016 to 2021 in a closed healthcare system was conducted. The primary outcome was dispensed opioids, quantified as morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) per calendar day with any supply, in the first month prior to and the 3 months following surgery. The primary explanatory variable was race/ethnicity, with non-Hispanic White as the reference group. Multivariable linear regression was used to determine the trend in the average number of MMEs over the study period. Results: Over the study period, 1,506 shoulder arthroplasties were performed. In adjusted analyses, average MMEs per supplied day decreased significantly over time, with a large decrease by the final year of the study period (β = -22.79; Conclusion: System-wide opioid reduction initiatives were associated with a substantial decline in opioid prescriptions filled after shoulder arthroplasty over the study period. These reductions occurred consistently across racial and ethnic groups, suggesting that prescribing changes were implemented without varying effects across patient populations. Future studies should evaluate patient-reported pain control and the role of multimodal pain management strategies that may have a role in further reducing post-operative opioid prescribing.
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