Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42233057›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in psychology2026

The unintended negative consequences of artificial intelligence use for psychologists.

Llewellyn E van Zyl

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Llewellyn E van ZylPsynalytics, Eindhoven, Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into psychological practice is transforming how psychologists reason, document, and deliver care. While benefits such as improved diagnostic accuracy and administrative efficiency are widely recognized, the unintended consequences for psychologists themselves remain poorly understood. This commentary synthesizes recent empirical and conceptual literature to critically examine six domains through which sustained AI use may adversely affect psychologists' professional functioning: (a) cognitive functioning and professional competence, (b) professional identity and meaning, (c) ethical reasoning and legal challenges, (d) interpersonal and social functioning, (e) data governance and vendor lock-in, and (f) personal wellbeing. The analysis draws on a narrative review of peer-reviewed sources from psychology, medicine, computer science, and organizational behavior, selected for their relevance to professional impacts of AI. Evidence suggests that cognitive offloading and automation bias may erode diagnostic reasoning and clinical judgment, moral deskilling and value misalignment can undermine ethical autonomy, and technostress, data dependence, and vendor lock-in pose growing threats to practitioner wellbeing and professional sovereignty. These dynamics indicate that AI operates not merely as a technical aid but as a transformative social and psychological actor that reshapes how psychologists think, decide, and relate to their work. The paper argues for the urgent development of evidence-based safeguards, practitioner education, and regulatory frameworks to ensure that AI enhances rather than erodes human competence and ethical reflection.

Indexed as

algorithmic dependenceartificial intelligenceethical challengesnegative consequences of artificial intelligenceprofessional identity

Identifiers

PMID42233057
PMCPMC13222798

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.