ArticleFrontiers in public health2026
Reforming the white coat economy: judicial evidence and institutional implications from China's healthcare anti-corruption campaign.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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- Erratum issued
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Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to construct a reproducible sample of judicially visible healthcare corruption in China, identify its typologies, risk nodes, actor structures, and elucidate the institutional mechanisms underlying representative cases. Methods: An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was used. Criminal judgments with dates from 1 September 2019 to 31 December 2025 were retrieved from China Judgments Online in January 2026 and screened, yielding 573 judgments involving 787 defendants. Phase 1 used structured coding for descriptive analysis, while phase 2 used embedded multiple-case analysis of purposively selected, information-rich cases to explain key institutional mechanisms. Results: Cases clustered into three main categories, namely pharmaceutical/clinical commercial bribery (267, 46.60%), embezzlement of in-hospital funds (137, 23.91%), and medical insurance fund fraud (99, 17.28%). Risk points concentrated on procurement (335 cases), medical insurance auditing/payment (136 cases), and in-hospital finance/asset management (122 cases). Among defendants sentenced to imprisonment ( Conclusion: Publicly available criminal judgments provide a reproducible risk map of judicially visible healthcare corruption in China. Findings support node-oriented governance prioritizing procurement transparency, payment-side auditing, and high-risk internal posts. These data should be interpreted as legally filtered governance evidence rather than as direct estimates of underlying corruption incidence.
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