ArticleInternational journal of women's health2026
Associated Factors for Cesarean Section in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.
Article in International journal of women's health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have an increased risk of undergoing cesarean section (CS). This study aimed to identify factors associated with CS in women with GDM. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on patients with GDM who delivered at Hainan General Hospital between January 2021 and June 2023. The patients were grouped by delivery type: CS vs. vaginal. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with CS. Results: Of the 1689 women with GDM, 731 had CS. Logistic regression revealed that CS was independently associated with maternal age (OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.04-1.10, p < 0.001), pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02-1.08, p = 0.003), and education level (high school education: OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.08-2.17, p = 0.018; bachelor's degree or higher: OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.13-2.23, p = 0.008). The most significant associated perinatal factor was cephalopelvic disproportion (including breech presentation or other abnormal fetal positions) (OR: 12.31, 95% CI: 1.46-104.11, p = 0.021). The absence of a past medical history of heart disease (OR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.07-0.859, p = 0.031) was inversely independently associated with CS. Conclusion: Higher maternal age, elevated BMI, higher education, specific perinatal diagnoses, and the presence of a history of heart disease were independently associated with CS in women with GDM.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.