ArticleFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2026
NMN protects vascular endothelial cells from M1 macrophage-derived IL-1β-induced hyperpermeability by inhibiting VE-cadherin degradation.
Article in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background and aims: Vascular endothelial (VE) dysfunction, particularly endothelial hyperpermeability, is a critical pathological process in various inflammatory vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, vasculitis, and sepsis. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), an NAD Methods: A three-dimensional co-culture model of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and M1 macrophages was constructed to reproduce inflammatory vascular microenvironments. Endothelial permeability was evaluated by measuring fluorescently labelled dextran and LDL passages from the luminal (top) to the abluminal side (bottom) of the insert. Results: M1 macrophage co-culture increased HUVEC permeability, and NMN pretreatment attenuated this hyperpermeability. Mechanistic analysis revealed that interleukin-1β (IL-1β) released by M1 macrophages was the primary contributor to endothelial hyperpermeability. NMN suppressed IL-1β-induced cell-cell gap formation and VE-cadherin degradation in HUVECs by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B (NF- Conclusions: This
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