ArticleSaudi journal of medicine & medical sciences
Prevalence and Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Adults Attending Primary Health Care Centers in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia.
Article in Saudi journal of medicine & medical sciences. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: To study the prevalence and determinants of modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: This study included all adult patients who attended primary health care centers of Makkah Health Cluster between 2021 and 2024. Data collected included sociodemographic factors, anthropometric measurements, and list of all physician-confirmed diagnosis. Results: A total of 38,301 patients were included, of which 7% had hypertension, 9% had diabetes, and 64% were overweight/obese. Older and ever married patients had higher odds for hypertension (age: β = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.06-1.07, ever married; OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.31-1.99), diabetes (age: β = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.05-1.06, ever married; OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.67-2.50), and obesity (age; β = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.07-0.08, ever married; β = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.71-2.36). Private employees had higher odds of hypertension (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.04-1.48) and diabetes (1.22, 95% CI: 1.03-1.44). Females had lower odds for diabetes (OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.58-0.70), but higher odds for hypertension (1.10, 95% CI: 1.00-1.22) and had greater body mass index (β = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.64-0.91). Retired individuals had greater odds of diabetes (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.11-1.51), but lower measurements of body mass index (β = -1.28, 95% CI: -1.59--0.97). Higher education was a protective predictor for both hypertension (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.46-0.88) and diabetes (0.82, 95% CI: 0.71-0.96). Saudis had greater odds for diabetes (1.19, 95% CI: 1.06-1.34) and lower body mass index (β = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.02-0.39). Conclusion: Among primary health care center attendees in Makkah, about two-thirds were found to be overweight or obese and 7% and 9% were hypertensive and diabetic, respectively. Predictors of hypertension and diabetes were older aged, married, and educationally disadvantaged groups.
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