Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42232211›Full record

ArticleJournal of oral microbiology2026

A prospective cohort study exploring salivary microbial predictors of white spot lesions during fixed orthodontic treatment.

Zijian Cheng, Lu Gao, Dingwen Luo, Chunsheng Bi, Qianming Chen, Xiaoyan Chen

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of oral microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Zijian ChengStomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Lu GaoStomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Dingwen LuoStomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Chunsheng BiStomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Qianming ChenStomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Xiaoyan ChenStomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: White spot lesions (WSLs) are a common adverse outcome of fixed orthodontic treatment, prompting the search for salivary microbial predictors for early risk identification. Materials and methods: Sixty-four patients undergoing fixed metal self-ligating orthodontic treatment were categorized into WSL and non-WSL groups based on lesion development after 12 months. Clinical indices (DI-S, CI-S, OHI-S, GI) and unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected at baseline and after 12 months. The salivary microbiome was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results: The prevalence of WSLs was 54.7% at the patient level. Clinical indices did not differ significantly between groups. Although overall microbial community structure was similar at baseline, several taxa were enriched in patients who later developed WSLs, including Conclusions: WSL development during fixed orthodontic treatment was associated with baseline salivary microbial differences and treatment-related ecological shifts. Salivary microbiome profiling may help identify patients at higher risk and support early risk stratification and preventive strategies in orthodontic care.

Indexed as

fixed appliancesmicrobial predictorsorthodonticssalivaWhite spot lesion

Identifiers

PMID42232211
PMCPMC13224688

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.