SynthesisFrontiers in neurology
Efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation for mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Synthesis in Frontiers in neurology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been explored as a non-invasive intervention for cognitive impairment in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but evidence regarding its overall efficacy remains inconsistent. This meta-analysis evaluated the pooled effect of TMS on cognitive outcomes in patients with MCI. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) enrolling participants with MCI only were identified from PubMed, CENTRAL, and Embase through November 10, 2025, in accordance with PRISMA and a PROSPERO-registered protocol (CRD420251274531). Cognitive outcomes were pre-specified and synthesized by domain, including global cognition and executive function (primary focus), as well as memory, language/naming, and neuropsychiatric measures. Pooled effects were calculated using fixed- or random-effects models as appropriate and reported as mean differences ( Results: Eleven RCTs (532 participants with MCI) were included. rTMS improved global cognition on MMSE ( Conclusion: In MCI-only RCTs, rTMS improved global cognition (MMSE/MoCA) and AVLT-based verbal memory (delayed recall/recognition). Selected executive/attention, naming, and neuropsychiatric outcomes also improved, whereas language fluency was unchanged. Evidence certainty was mostly moderate, and larger high-quality RCTs are needed. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251274531, identifier: CRD420251274531.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.