ArticleFrontiers in global women's health2026
Factors associated with anemia among adolescent girls in Western India: insights from a multi-centric cross-sectional study.
Article in Frontiers in global women's health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Anemia remains a persistent public health challenge among adolescent girls in India, with states like Gujarat continuing to report a high burden despite ongoing national nutrition and anemia control programs. Regional disparities, particularly across rural and tribal populations, further exacerbate the problem. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls in Gujarat, India, and examine its sociodemographic, nutritional, behavioral, hematological, and biochemical associated factors. Methods: A community-based, multi-centric cross-sectional study was conducted among 2,815 adolescent girls in ten purposively selected districts of Gujarat, representing rural, urban, and tribal settings. A multistage Probability Proportionate to Size sampling strategy was used. Data collection included structured interviews, anthropometric assessments, and venous blood sampling. Hematological parameters were analyzed using an automated six-part hematology analyzer, while biochemical markers-including iron profile, ferritin, vitamin B12, folate, albumin, prealbumin, and C-reactive protein (CRP)-were measured using standardized laboratory platforms. Anemia was defined according to World Health Organization criteria. Statistical analyses were performed using descriptive statistics and inferential tests with a significance level of Results: The overall prevalence of anemia was 60.85%, with marked inter-district variation ranging from 42.37% to 75.00%. Mild anemia was most prevalent (33.46%), followed by moderate (25.04%) and severe anemia (2.34%). Anemia prevalence was significantly higher among tribal (73.57%) and rural (56.39%) adolescents compared to urban counterparts (48.19%) ( Conclusions: Anemia was highly prevalent among adolescent girls in Gujarat, affecting 60.85% of participants, with higher burden observed in tribal and rural populations. Significant associations were identified with socioeconomic status, health insurance coverage, knowledge levels, and iron-folic acid supplementation. Biochemical findings indicated iron deficiency with an inflammatory component, and hemoglobinopathy traits were also present among a subset of participants. These findings highlight the multifactorial nature of anemia in the study population.
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