ArticleBMJ public health2026
Leveraging remnant viral load samples for SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence trends among PLHIV in Kenya, February 2021-October 2022: a cross-sectional surveillance survey.
Article in BMJ public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
28 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: People living with HIV (PLHIV) are at increased risk of COVID-19-related mortality. However, the burden of and immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection among PLHIV, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, remains poorly understood. Methods: We conducted a four-round serial cross-sectional surveillance survey using HIV viral load testing remnant samples from PLHIV on antiretroviral treatment (ART) in Kenya to assess trends in SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence from February 2021 to October 2022. SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were detected using a validated two-assay ELISA serial algorithm. Samples with ELISA-positive or borderline result samples were further tested using a multiplex bead assay (MBA) to distinguish potential infection and/or vaccination status. Results: National SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence among PLHIV on ART increased from 16.1% in round 1 to 91.7% in round 4: round 1: 16.1% (95% CI 6.9% to 33.1%), round 2: 29.6% (95% CI 13.7% to 52.7%), round 3: 84.2% (95% CI 67.7% to 93.1%) and round 4: 91.7% (95% CI 86.5% to 95.0%). These estimates corresponded to approximately 186 891 (95% CI 38 639 to 3 35 143), 363 590 (95% CI 114 267 to 612 913), 1 072 496 (95% CI 914 449 to 1 230 452) and 1 173 399 (95% CI 1 120 224 to 1 226 574) PLHIV on ART with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies across the four rounds. MBA testing of ELISA-positive and borderline samples showed that 97% had evidence of probable infection and/or vaccination while 3% tested negative by MBA. Conclusions: Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 infection in PLHIV is essential. Seroprevalence among PLHIV on ART in Kenya increased substantially during 2021-2022, reflecting both infection and vaccination. Protecting the health of PLHIV through sustained prevention, treatment and vaccination strategies remains critical in mitigating the threat of COVID-19.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.