ArticleBMC palliative care2026
Development and psychometric validation of a culturally adapted instrument to assess nurses' competence in delivering bad news to families of patients nearing end-of-life.
Article in BMC palliative care, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study developed and validated a culturally grounded instrument to assess Iranian nurses' competence in delivering bad news to families of patients nearing end-of-life.
methodsUsing a sequential exploratory mixed-methods design, qualitative interviews with 18 nurses and a systematic review of 37 studies identified three core domains: Preparation, Conveying the Bitter Truth, and Consolation. Psychometric analyses were subsequently conducted within this mixed-methods framework to validate the developed instrument. These informed a 26-item scale, psychometrically tested with 284 nurses.
resultsThe final instrument demonstrated strong content validity (S-CVI/Ave = 0.915), a clear three-factor structure explaining 66.82% of total variance (KMO = 0.934, P < 0.001), and high reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.945; ICC = 0.95). Items captured culturally specific strategies such as gradual truth-telling, strategic timing, non-distressing language, and empathic consolation.
conclusionThis validated scale provides a contextually relevant tool for evaluating and improving nurses' communication in end-of-life care, with implications for education, clinical practice, and cross-cultural research in palliative and death-related contexts. Future studies should apply confirmatory factor analysis and evaluate predictive validity across diverse settings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.