ArticleBMC plant biology2026
Chemical profiling and chemotypic diversity of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) genotypes: a large-scale evaluation of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity.
Article in BMC plant biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundBasil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is an economically significant medicinal and aromatic species valued for its diverse phytochemical profile and essential oil (EO) composition. Despite its economic importance, there is a critical need to characterize genetic resources to identify stable, high-yielding genotypes adapted to specific environmental conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical diversity and industrial potential of 90 basil genotypes under Mediterranean climatic conditions, focusing on identifying superior chemotypes for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.
methodsA field experiment was conducted using an augmented randomized complete block design at the Çukurova University Research and Application Area during the 2023 and 2024 growing seasons. Phytochemical screening included the determination of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacities via DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] radical scavenging assays. The chemical composition of the EOs was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
resultsSignificant biochemical variation was observed among the 90 genotypes. Genotypes MT08, MT86, MT38, and MT67 exhibited the highest bioactive potential, characterized by superior TPC and antioxidant activities. EO yields were notably higher in genotypes MT63 and MT74. Chemical profiling revealed five distinct chemotypes within the population: linalool, methyl chavicol, citral, methyl cinnamate, and methyl eugenol. Pearson correlation, PCA, and cluster analyses supported that these genotypes represent a broad phytochemical basis for selection and breeding.
conclusionsThis study provides a detailed characterization of basil germplasm, identifying specific genotypes with high industrial value. The classification of five major chemotypes offers a strategic foundation for targeted breeding programs aimed at developing high-quality cultivars. These findings contribute to the standardization of raw materials for the global pharmaceutical and fragrance industries.
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