Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42231160›Full record

ArticleBMC plant biology2026

Weather-dependent effects of Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) irrigation on ratoon rice: a 3-year field study.

Haiwei Zhang, Youqin Xiao, Zhanzhi Gong, Nan Xu, Ruoting Mei, Xinyi Gu, Juan Li, Jiancheng Wen, Shuochen Jiang

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In one paragraph

Article in BMC plant biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Haiwei Zhang *Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650500, China.
Youqin Xiao *Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650500, China.
Zhanzhi GongRice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650500, China.
Nan XuRice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650500, China.
Ruoting MeiRice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650500, China.
Xinyi GuRice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650500, China.
Juan LiRice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650500, China.
Jiancheng WenRice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650500, China.
Shuochen JiangRice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650500, China. 2023044@ynau.edu.cn.

Funding

Major Science and Technology Special Project Plan of Yunnan Province 202402AE090026-04Yunnan Province Agricultural Joint Special Project 202401BD070001-046
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation improves water use efficiency (WUE) in rice, but its effectiveness in ratoon rice under varying climatic conditions remains unclear. This study is the first 3-year field experiment to assess the climate-dependent impacts of AWD irrigation on ratoon rice, particularly under extreme heat conditions.

methodsA 3-year field experiment (2020-2022) was conducted to examine AWD irrigation's effects on soil properties, rice growth, yield, and WUE in a main-season-ratoon rice system. Four irrigation methods were tested: conventional irrigation (CK), AWD during the main-season rice filling period (T1), AWD during the ratoon rice filling period (T2), and AWD during both periods (T3). Weather data showed higher temperatures and lower rainfall in 2022 compared to 2020 and 2021.

resultsAWD irrigation increased soil bulk density and total nitrogen, and and NO3- concentrations, while reducing NH4+ concentrations in both rice seasons. In 2020 and 2021, AWD irrigation positively increased root dry weight and activity, net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll fluorescence, nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity, yield and WUE. However, the opposite was observed in 2022. Specifically, in 2020 and 2021, compared with CK, T1 and T3 increased the yield in the main season by 12.81% and 11.66%; T1, T2 and T3 increased the yield in the ratoon season by 12.93%, 7.66% and 24.10%; T1 and T3 increased the WUE in the main season by 14.90% and 14.07%; and T1, T2 and T3 increased the WUE in the ratoon season by 11.10%, 15.01% and 33.00%, respectively. In 2022, compared with CK, T1 and T3 reduced the yield in the main season by 12.04% and 12.60% and the yield in the ratoon season by 13.72% and 16.37%, and T1 and T3 reduced the WUE in the main season by 10.34% and 10.35% and the WUE in the ratoon season by 3.45% and 10.34%, respectively.

conclusionsAWD irrigation enhances yield and WUE under normal conditions but reduces them under extreme heat. This study highlights the need for adaptive irrigation strategies, integrating heat-tolerance measures to counteract the adverse effects of climate change on ratoon rice production.

Indexed as

Agricultural IrrigationOryzaWeatherSeasonsSoilWaterSoilWaterAir temperatureInorganic nitrogen concentrationNitrogen metabolism enzyme activitySoil bulk densityWater use efficiency

Identifiers

PMID42231160
PMCPMC13450559

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