ArticleThe Pediatric infectious disease journal2026
Smartphone-based Detection of Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis in Ugandan Children: A Pilot Study.
Article in The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Prompt diagnosis of group A streptococcal pharyngitis is essential for primary prevention of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease, yet affordable point-of-care diagnostics remain limited in low-resource settings. We conducted a prospective study among Ugandan children 5-15 years of age presenting with sore throat, comparing smartphone-acquired oropharyngeal videos analyzed using an artificial intelligence-based image recognition model-trained and validated using combined data from Ugandan and US-based cohorts-with microbiologic culture as the reference standard. Among 82 children evaluated with the optimized model, 12 (15%) had culture-confirmed group A streptococcal pharyngitis. The smartphone-based approach demonstrated 100% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI]: 73.5%-100%), 95.7% specificity (95% CI: 88.0%-99.1%) and an overall accuracy of 96.6% (95% CI: 90.0%-99.3%), with an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.93 (95% CI 0.83-1.00). These findings support the potential of smartphone-based artificial intelligence as a rapid, noninvasive diagnostic tool for primary prevention in rheumatic heart disease-endemic settings.
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