ArticleThe Laryngoscope2026
Imposterism and Self-Efficacy Among Canadian Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Residents: A National Survey.
Article in The Laryngoscope, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectivesTo assess the national prevalence and severity of imposter phenomenon (IP) among Canadian Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (OHNS) residents and to explore associations between IP and demographic factors.
methodsNational cross-sectional anonymized online survey was distributed to residents in Canadian OHNS programs in English and French. It included two validated instruments: the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). Dillman Tailored Design Method was used for survey distribution over an eight-week period with four waves of email contact. CIPS and GSES scores were analyzed using t-tests and ANOVA.
resultsFifty-six OHNS residents participated (response rate: 34%), including 29 men and 27 women. Mean CIPS score was 61.43 (SD 15.52), with 44.64% within the "significant" impostorism range (CIPS score 61-80). Women reported significantly higher impostor scores than men (mean CIPS: 65.85 vs. 57.31; p = 0.038). Among those who experienced intense impostorism (CIPS > 80), 71.42% were women and 28.57% men. Year of residency was significantly associated with IP (p = 0.024), with PGY-2 residents exhibiting the highest CIPS scores (71.40) compared to PGY-5 (48.17). Mean GSES was 31.75 (SD 3.46), with no significant variation across demographic groups. However, self-efficacy was inversely correlated with IP (Pearson's r = -0.366, p = 0.005).
conclusionIP is prevalent in OHNS residency, particularly among women, and appears associated with lower self-efficacy and earlier stages of training. These findings underscore the need for wellness initiatives and structured support. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: N/A.
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