Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42230990›Full record

ArticleNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2026

Gamma knife thalamotomy provides durable long-term relief from essential tremor: a 30-year single institution experience.

Jheremy S Reyes, Alexandros Bouras, Constantinos G Hadjipanayis, L Dade Lunsford, Ajay Niranjan

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Article in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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1citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jheremy S ReyesCenter for Image-Guided Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Alexandros BourasCenter for Image-Guided Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Constantinos G HadjipanayisCenter for Image-Guided Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
L Dade LunsfordCenter for Image-Guided Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Ajay NiranjanCenter for Image-Guided Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, USA. niraax@upmc.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6754-8597

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGamma Knife (GK) stereotactic radiosurgical thalamotomy is a minimally invasive treatment option for medically refractory essential tremor (ET), but long-term outcome data remain limited. We evaluated three decades of institutional experience to characterize tremor improvement, functional outcomes, safety, and durability of response after GK thalamotomy.

methodsWe performed a retrospective single-institution cohort study of 163 GK thalamotomy procedures for ET. All procedures targeted the contralateral ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus. Primary outcomes included clinical benefit, complete tremor arrest, adverse radiation effects (AREs), and tremor recurrence. Functional outcomes were assessed using pre- and post-treatment Fahn-Tolosa-Marín Tremor Rating Scale (FTM) scores, including tremor, writing, drawing, drinking, and total FTM score.

resultsMean age at treatment was 74.1 ± 11.1 years, and follow-up duration averaged 95.1 months, with a median of 97 months (range, 15-356). Clinical benefit was observed in 152 of 163 procedures (93.3%), with a median time to benefit of 4.0 months (IQR 2.0-6.0). Complete tremor arrest occurred in 39 procedures (23.9%). AREs occurred in 6 procedures (3.7%). Tremor recurrence was documented in 16 procedures (9.8%), with a median time to recurrence of 26.0 months. All functional domains improved significantly after treatment (all p < 0.001). Mean total FTM score improved from 12.26 ± 2.20 to 5.00 ± 4.02.

conclusionsGK thalamotomy was associated with meaningful and durable tremor improvement in medically refractory ET, with significant functional improvement, infrequent AREs, and low recurrence over long-term follow-up.

Indexed as

Essential TremorRadiosurgeryThalamusAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesTreatment OutcomeVentral Thalamic NucleiDentatorubrothalamic tractEssential tremorFunctional outcomesGamma Knife thalamotomyStereotactic radiosurgeryVentral intermediate nucleus

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.