Blockchain-enabled secure authentication and privacy-preserving information sharing in VANETs using adaptive echo state networks and dual trapdoor homomorphic encryption.

Poonguzhali Ilango, Nagarajan Sivarajan, M P Rajakumar, Sumanth Venugopal

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Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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4 authors.

Poonguzhali IlangoDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600123, India. dripoonguzhali@panimalar.ac.in.

Nagarajan SivarajanDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600089, India.

M P RajakumarDepartment of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, St.Joseph's College of Engineering, Old Mamallapuram Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 119, India.

Sumanth VenugopalManipal Institute of Technology Bengaluru, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India. sumanth.v@manipal.edu.

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6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A blockchain-driven approach is presented to ensure robust authentication and private data distribution in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs). A primary objective to develop a robust authentication procedure using an Adaptive Echo State Network (AESNet) and a dual trapdoor homomorphic encryption method (DTHE-OMK) to enhance secure data transmission in VANETs. This work employs a combination of optimization strategies, including the Position Updated Enhanced Frilled Lizard Optimization (PUE-FLO) algorithm, to fine-tune the parameters of the AESNet for node authentication. The authentication analysis on accuracy provided results in the range of 6.323% of CWO-AESNet, 5.828% of TOT-AESNet, 8.353% of WOA-AESNet, 6.323% of FLO-AESNet for the optimization algorithms and 7.838% of DNN, 4.729% of LSTM, 4.248% of GRU, and 4.729% of ESNet for various literature models, respectively. This work concludes that the developed approach improves both integrity and safety of information shared across VANETs.

Indexed as

Adaptive blockchain-based authentication procedureAdaptive echo state networkDual trapdoor homomorphic encryption with optimal multi-keyPosition updated enhanced frilled lizard optimizationVANET

Identifiers

PMID42230779

DOI10.1038/s41598-026-49125-7

PMCPMC13469664

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.