Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42230609›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Revealing buried ferroelectric topologies by depth-resolved electron diffraction imaging.

Ting-Ran Liu, Koushik Jagadish, Xiangwei Guo, Maya Ramesh, Peter Meisenheimer, Harish Kumarasubramanian, Sajid Husain, Ann V Ngo, Amir Avishai, Jayakanth Ravichandran and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Ting-Ran LiuMork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Koushik JagadishMork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8856-5310
Xiangwei GuoDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9219-4110
Maya RameshDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8435-4935
Peter MeisenheimerDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Harish KumarasubramanianMork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Sajid HusainDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2518-5430
Ann V NgoMork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Amir AvishaiCore Center of Excellence in Nano Imaging, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Jayakanth RavichandranMork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5030-9143
Darrell G SchlomDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2493-6113
Ramamoorthy RameshDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0524-1332
Yu-Tsun ShaoMork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. yutsunsh@usc.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5574-0490

Funding

DOE | SC | Basic Energy Sciences (BES) award No. DE-SC0025423United States Department of Defense | United States Army | U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command | Army Research Laboratory (U.S. Army Research Laboratory) W911NF-24-2-0100
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nanoscale topological polar textures promise new functionalities for ferroelectric memories and logic, yet their three-dimensional structure and mesoscale organization remain experimentally inaccessible. Here we introduce depth-resolved electron diffraction imaging (DREDI), a fast, non-destructive, method that maps polarization with <50 nm lateral and <10 nm depth sensitivity within fraction of a second. Its high acquisition speed enables the first continuous polarization mapping across six orders of magnitude in length scale, from nanometers to millimeters. Using epitaxial BiFeO

Identifiers

PMID42230609
PMCPMC13392446

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.