Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42229426›Full record

ArticleCell reports. Medicine2026

Metabolically engineered probiotic OMVs as nanovaccine mediating sequential immunomodulation for chronic bone infection immunotherapy.

Jie Lei, Bide Tong, Shihao Zhang, Zixuan Ou, Dingchao Zhu, Xingyu Zhou, Huaizhen Liang, Zhengdong Zhang, Lei Tan, Cao Yang and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports. Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Jie LeiDepartment of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
Bide TongDepartment of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
Shihao ZhangDepartment of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
Zixuan OuDepartment of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
Dingchao ZhuDepartment of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
Xingyu ZhouDepartment of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
Huaizhen LiangDepartment of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
Zhengdong ZhangDepartment of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
Lei TanDepartment of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China. Electronic address: tanlei_hubu@163.com.
Cao YangDepartment of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China. Electronic address: caoyangunion@hust.edu.cn.
Xiaobo FengDepartment of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China. Electronic address: fengxiaobo@hust.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chronic, drug-resistant bone infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) features an immunosuppressive niche enabling persistent infection and impaired bone healing. A specific treatment requires initial antibacterial immune activation against infection, followed by reshaping an anti-inflammatory microenvironment for later bone repair. Here, we screen Lactococcus lactis outer membrane vesicles (Lac-OMVs) with first-stage dendritic cell (DC) activation and later stage inflammatory macrophage repolarization potential. Mechanistically, enrichment of the nicotinamide metabolism pathway within Lac-OMVs is discovered, with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD

Indexed as

ImmunomodulationImmunotherapyProbioticsStaphylococcal InfectionsAnimalsDendritic CellsLactococcus lactisMacrophagesMethicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusMiceNADNanovaccinesNADNanovaccinesantibacterial nanovaccinechronic bone infectionimmune microenvironment regulationNAD(+)nicotinamide adenine dinucleotideOMVsprobiotic outer membrane vesicles

Identifiers

PMID42229426
PMCPMC13293997

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.