Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42229231›Full record

ArticleRedox biology2026

Phase 1 dose-escalation trial combining sulfasalazine and stereotactic radiosurgery in patients with recurrent glioblastoma.

Bente Sandvei Skeie, Alexander Richard Craig-Craven, Eli Renate Grüner, Martin Biermann, Frank Riemer, Sidsel Bragstad, Shahin Sarowar, Maziar Behbahani, Linda Sleire, Thomas Schwarzlmüller and 7 more

Abstract readClinical Trial, Phase I
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Redox biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Bente Sandvei SkeieDepartment of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital (HUS), Jonas Lies vei 65, Bergen, 5021, Norway; Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen (UiB), Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen, Norway. Electronic address: bente.sandvei.skeie@helse-bergen.no.
Alexander Richard Craig-CravenDepartment of Biological and Medical Psychology, UiB, Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Engineering, HUS, Jonas Lies vei 65, Bergen, 5021, Norway. Electronic address: alex.craven@uib.no.
Eli Renate GrünerDepartment of Physics and Technology, UiB, Jonas Lies vei 65, Bergen, 5021, Norway; Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Radiology, HUS, Jonas Lies vei 65, Bergen, 5021, Norway. Electronic address: renate.gruner@uib.no.
Martin BiermannNuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Department of Radiology, HUS, Jonas Lies vei 65, Bergen, 5021, Norway; Section for Radiology, Clinical Institute I, UiB, Jonas Lies vei 65, Bergen, 5021, Norway. Electronic address: martin.biermann@uib.no.
Frank RiemerMohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Radiology, HUS, Jonas Lies vei 65, Bergen, 5021, Norway. Electronic address: frank.riemer@uib.no.
Sidsel BragstadDepartment of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital (HUS), Jonas Lies vei 65, Bergen, 5021, Norway. Electronic address: sidsel.bragstad@gmail.com.
Shahin SarowarDepartment of Biomedicine, University of Bergen (UiB), Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen, Norway. Electronic address: shahin.sarowar@helse-bergen.no.
Maziar BehbahaniDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Armauer Hansens vei 30, Stavanger, 4011, Norway. Electronic address: mazi@sus.no.
Linda SleireLaboratory Medicine and Pathology, HUS, Jonas Lies vei 65, Bergen, 5021, Norway. Electronic address: linda.sleire@helse-bergen.no.
Thomas SchwarzlmüllerNuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Department of Radiology, HUS, Jonas Lies vei 65, Bergen, 5021, Norway. Electronic address: thomas.schwarzlmueller@gmail.com.
Dorota GoplenDepartment of Oncology and Medical Physics, HUS, Jonas Lies vei 65, Bergen, 5021, Norway. Electronic address: dorota.katarzyna.pazdyk.goplen@helse-bergen.no.
Jan Ingeman HeggdalDepartment of Oncology and Medical Physics, HUS, Jonas Lies vei 65, Bergen, 5021, Norway. Electronic address: jihe@helse-bergen.no.
Jonathan P S KniselyDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, the Netherlands. Electronic address: j.p.knisely@amsterdamumc.nl.
Michael SchulderDepartment of Neurosurgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 125 Community Dr, Great Neck, NY, 11021, USA. Electronic address: mschulder@northwell.edu.
Geir Egil EideDepartment of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital (HUS), Jonas Lies vei 65, Bergen, 5021, Norway. Electronic address: geir.egil.eide@helse-bergen.no.
Christopher G FilippiDepartment of Radiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada. Electronic address: sairaallapeikko@gmail.com.
Per Øyvind EngerDepartment of Biomedicine, University of Bergen (UiB), Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen, Norway; Department of Neurosurgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Armauer Hansens vei 30, Stavanger, 4011, Norway. Electronic address: per.enger@uib.no.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glioblastoma radioresistance is linked to glutathione, a key antioxidant protecting against oxidative stress. Sulfasalazine inhibits the xCT antiporter mediating cystine uptake required for glutathione synthesis in glioma, potentiating radiotherapy in preclinical studies. This trial evaluated safety and therapeutic potential of combining sulfasalazine with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for recurrent glioblastoma. Adults with recurrences were enrolled in a 3 + 3 dose-escalation trial receiving 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, or 6.0 g sulfasalazine orally for 3 days before SRS. Primary endpoint was safety. Secondary endpoints included changes in quality of life (QOL), tumor glutathione-levels, metabolism, and volumes assessed via Functional-Assessment-of-Cancer-Therapy-Brain-questionnaire, glutathione-edited-MR-spectroscopy,

Indexed as

Brain NeoplasmsGlioblastomaNeoplasm Recurrence, LocalRadiosurgerySulfasalazineAdultAgedCombined Modality TherapyFemaleGlutathioneHumansMaleMiddle AgedQuality of LifeTreatment OutcomeGlutathioneSulfasalazineGlioblastomaHigh grade gliomaRadiosensitizerRecurrenceStereotactic gamma knife radiosurgerySulfasalazine

Identifiers

PMID42229231
PMCPMC13251504

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.