ArticleVaccine2026
Vitamin A and body weight status do not impact humoral immunity against measles, mumps or rubella in individuals 4 to 18 years old: a cross-sectional cohort study in India.
Article in Vaccine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundOngoing measles outbreaks globally have renewed interest in the role of vitamin A in measles infection. Vitamin A supplementation is recommended for measles disease management, but its impact on the immune response to measles virus (MV) infection or vaccination is unclear. We evaluated the relationships between nutrition, vitamin A status and humoral immune responses to measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) in vaccinated children.
methodsAnthropometric measurements, serum vitamin A levels and immune response outcomes were assessed in a convenience cohort of 684 Indian children aged 4-18 years who had previously received ≥2 MV-containing vaccine doses. Nutrition status categories were defined by BMI-for-age z-scores per the World Health Organization (WHO) and Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) standards. Serum vitamin A (retinol) levels were quantified by HPLC; ELISA was used to evaluate MV (n = 684), mumps (MuV) (n = 466), and rubella (RV) (n = 508) IgG antibody (Ab) titers; and a PRMN assay was used to assess MV neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers (n = 681). Associations between nutrition and vitamin A status with MV-, MuV- and RV-specific humoral immune responses were analyzed.
resultsAmong 684 children, 3.2% were underweight, 14% overweight, 10.5% obese, and 72.2% normal weight. Vitamin A deficiency was relatively rare (3.4%), and vitamin A levels were differentially distributed by BMI z-scores (p < 0.0001). MV IgG Ab and MV nAb titers did not differ by BMI-for-age category (MV IgG Ab: p = 0.77; MV nAb: p = 0.585) or vitamin A deficiency vs sufficiency (MV IgG Ab: p = 0.98; MV nAb: p = 0.25) status. MuV IgG and RV IgG Ab titers were also not affected by BMI categories (MuV: p = 0.215; RV: p = 0.36) or vitamin A status (MuV: p = 0.14; RV: p = 0.23).
conclusionAmong vaccinated children 4-18 years sampled from a convenience cohort in southern India, body weight and vitamin A status were not associated with humoral immunity to MV, MuV, or RV, suggesting vitamin A does not play a major role in regulating protective immunity to these three viruses.
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