Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42228190›Full record

ArticleJournal of cancer research and clinical oncology2026

Investigation of a GPC1-targeted and LIFU-responsive nanoplatform with ADV effect for visualized chemo-sonodynamic therapy against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Bo Ren, Gang Quan, Hanmei Li, Litao Ye, Xin Xie, Jinhong Yu, Jian Xu, Jingdong Li, CharngChoon Wong

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Bo RenDepartment of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China.
Gang QuanDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China.
Hanmei LiDepartment of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China.
Litao YeDepartment of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China.
Xin XieDepartment of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China.
Jinhong YuDepartment of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China.
Jian XuDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China.
Jingdong LiDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China. lijingdongnsmc@163.com.
CharngChoon WongSchool of Pharmacy, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, 40100, Malaysia. ccwong@msu.edu.my.

Funding

Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College 2024GC003Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province 2024NSFSC1896Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province 2025ZYD0168
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies. Regardless of surgical resection, chemotherapy acts as the first-line treatment for PDAC. However, the clinical outcomes are severely compromised by insufficient tumour-specific targeting, chemoresistance, and systemic toxicity. Thus, new synergistic therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to improve therapeutic efficacy of PDAC. PURPOSE: This study developed a glypican-1 (GPC1)-targeted and low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU)-responsive nanoplatform for visualized treatment against PDAC.

methodsThis nanoplatform, termed GCPIP, integrated glypican-1-antibody (GPC1-Ab)-guided tumour-specific targeting, perfluoropentane (PFP)-driven acoustic imaging, ultrasound targeted nanobubble destruction (UTND)-triggered drug release, paclitaxel (PTX)-mediated chemotherapy and sonosensitizer-assisted sonodynamic therapy (SDT).

resultsGCPIP exhibited favourable physicochemical properties as a delivery system, showing excellent stability, responsive drug release behaviour, and robust ROS-generating capacity. In vitro studies revealed that GCPIP exhibited outstading tumour-targeting capability and potent inhibitory activity against PDAC tumour cells. Near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging in vivo demonstrated that GCPIP displayed a biodistribution profile broadly consistent with typical metabolic fate of nanoparticles, enabling preferential intratumoural accumulation. Leveraging acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) effect of PFP, ultrasound (US) imaging further allowed real-time visualization of the uptake and spatial distribution of GCPIP within the tumour. Importantly, GCPIP elicited a pronounced synergistic antitumour effect upon LIFU, as evidenced by substantial inhibition in both tumour volume and tumour weight. Additionally, GCPIP exhibited favourable biosafety in vivo.

conclusionGCPIP successfully achieved US imaging, tumour-specific drug delivery, spatiotemporally controlled drug release, and amplified chemo-sonodynamic therapy, providing a promising strategy to overcome chemoresistance of PDAC and reduce systemic toxicity.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, Pancreatic DuctalGlypicansPaclitaxelPancreatic NeoplasmsUltrasonic TherapyAnimalsCell Line, TumorDrug Delivery SystemsFluorocarbonsHumansMiceMice, NudeNanoparticlesPentanesXenograft Model Antitumor AssaysFluorocarbonsGlypicansPaclitaxelPentanesperfluoropentaneLow-intensity focused ultrasoundPancreatic ductal adenocarcinomaSonodynamic therapyUltrasound targeted nanobubble destruction

Identifiers

PMID42228190
PMCPMC13442776

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.